Scarlatina is a bacterial infection (strep throat) caused by the group A streptococcus bacteria. This type of strep bacteria usually causes a suppurative (pus-producing) inflammation of the throat and tonsils, commonly called “strep throat” or “tonsillitis.” However, this particular strain of the bacteria produces a toxin that also leads to a bright red rash on the skin that looks like sunburn and feels rough like sandpaper. This rash is the characteristic feature of scarlet fever and gives the disease its name.
The first symptoms of scarlet fever are a sore throat, swollen neck glands, and a fever (high temperature). A few days after the onset of symptoms, a fine red rash develops. The rash typically appears on the neck, cheeks, and chest, but can spread to the back and arms. This rash gives the disease its name and it has a sandpaper-like texture that may itch. The rash fades after about 1 week, but the skin where the rash was may peel and flake for several weeks.
Scarlet Fever Unmasked: Understanding Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Children with scarlet fever are contagious and can spread the infection to others. They should stay away from school and daycare until they are no longer feverish and have begun a course of antibiotics. The use of appropriate hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, as well as proper coughing and sneezing etiquette, can reduce the transmission of all types of group A streptococcal infections.
Scarlet fever is treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria and prevent serious complications such as heart disease (rheumatic fever) and kidney disease. Penicillin is the antibiotic that is most commonly used, but other antibiotics such as azithromycin or erythromycin can be effective.